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M4.5 Earthquake near Neiafu, Tonga — 23 December 2025

A light earthquake of magnitude 4.5 was recorded near Neiafu, Tonga on , with an epicentre 141 km west-northwest of Neiafu, at a focal depth of 182.2 km. It ranked as the 9th strongest of 15 earthquakes recorded in Tonga in the preceding 30 days.

4.5 Light

Time (UTC): 2025-12-23 13:20:55

Time (your timezone): —

Magnitude: 4.5 (light)

Focal depth: 182.2 km (intermediate)

Epicentre: -17.9983, -175.1350

Location: 141 km WNW of Neiafu, Tonga

Country: Tonga

USGS link to NOAA tsunami information: Not linked

Review status: Reviewed

Source: USGS event page

How strong was this earthquake?

Light earthquakes are widely felt near the epicentre and can rattle windows, dishes and hanging objects. Damage is uncommon and usually limited to cracked plaster or fallen loose items.

A magnitude 4.5 earthquake radiates roughly 85 tons of TNT equivalent in seismic energy.

The USGS assigns this earthquake a significance score of 312, which is below the USGS threshold of more than 600 for its significant-earthquake list. The ranking combines magnitude with available Did You Feel It responses and PAGER alert level; it is not a direct measurement of damage.

What the magnitude scale actually measures →

When it happened locally

That is about 01:40 local solar time at the epicentre, in the early hours of the morning.

This event was deeper than 57% of the 401 earthquakes recorded in Tonga in our catalogue and stronger than 20% of them.

Where was the epicentre?

The epicentre was located at -17.9983, -175.1350 — 141 km west-northwest of Neiafu. The closest other recorded event was a magnitude 4.9 earthquake 27 km south-southwest of here on 24 March 2026.

The nearest other settlements in our records are Hihifo (127 km northeast), Fakakai (197 km south-southeast), Pangai (223 km south-southwest) and Houma (229 km south-southwest).

Why the 182 km depth matters

At 182 km this was an intermediate-depth earthquake. Energy from events at this depth spreads out before it reaches the surface, which usually means weaker shaking near the epicentre than a shallow quake of the same magnitude, but shaking felt across a wider area.

This catalogue does not ingest eyewitness responses, so it cannot confirm where this earthquake was felt. Based on magnitude alone, an event this size is often felt across the surrounding area. Its intermediate depth normally reduces peak shaking near the epicentre compared with a shallow event of the same magnitude.

Read more on how focal depth changes what you feel →

What does the tsunami information flag mean?

The USGS record does not carry a link to NOAA tsunami information. That field is not an all-clear and does not state whether a tsunami occurred. In this case, a damaging tsunami would be less likely because at M4.5 it falls below the magnitude 6.5 threshold that generally applies before a submarine earthquake displaces enough water to generate a damaging tsunami; its 182 km focal depth is too great to deform the sea floor significantly; it occurred inland rather than beneath the sea floor. For an active coastal alert, use tsunami.gov or your local warning authority.

How earthquakes generate tsunamis, and what the alert levels mean →

Aftershocks and local seismic history

2 further earthquakes have been recorded within about 150 km of the epicentre in the seven days after this event, the largest of them magnitude 4.6.

131 earthquakes of magnitude 4 or above have been logged within roughly 200 km of this epicentre in our catalogue. The strongest was a magnitude 7.5 event near Neiafu on 24 March 2026. This M4.5 event released about 31,623 times less energy than that event.

19 earthquakes have been recorded within 100 km of this epicentre in the past year, 1 of them in the past 30 days.

How long aftershock sequences last, and how large they get →

Where this event sits in the record

This earthquake is part of the December 2025 worldwide record, and of earthquakes in Tonga during December 2025. Browse the full monthly archive to compare periods.

Nearest recorded earthquakes to this epicentre

Other recent earthquakes in Tonga

All recorded earthquakes in Tonga →

Other magnitude 4 earthquakes worldwide

All magnitude 4 earthquakes →

Questions about this earthquake

How strong was the earthquake near Neiafu?

It measured magnitude 4.5 — a light earthquake. A magnitude 4.5 earthquake radiates roughly 85 tons of TNT equivalent in seismic energy.

How deep was the earthquake near Neiafu?

The focus was 182 km below the surface, which counts as intermediate.

Was the Neiafu earthquake felt at the surface?

At magnitude 4.5 and a focal depth of 182 km, the depth spreads the energy out, so shaking is weaker overhead but reaches further.

When did the earthquake near Neiafu happen?

23 December 2025 at 13:20 UTC.

Was there a tsunami?

No. The USGS record carries no tsunami-information link for this event.

Have there been aftershocks?

2 further earthquakes have been recorded within about 150 km of the epicentre in the seven days after this event, the largest of them magnitude 4.6.

How often do earthquakes happen near Neiafu?

131 earthquakes of magnitude 4 or above have been logged within roughly 200 km of this epicentre in our catalogue. The strongest was a magnitude 7.5 event near Neiafu on 24 March 2026. This M4.5 event released about 31,623 times less energy than that event.